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José de Ribera (1591-1652) Born in Játiva in Spain, Ribera travelled in 1609 via Lombardy to Rome, where he was particularly influenced by the works of Caravaggio. Ribera’s early work, known as "Lo Spagnoletto" is characterised by dramatic baroque naturalism, in dark tones, with strong contrasts between light and dark. From 1616 onwards, he established himself in Naples, at the time under Spanish rule. From 1620 to1626, he devoted himself to graphics, after which he redirected his talent to painting. Ribera acquired great fame, also in his native Spain. Nevertheless, he preferred to stay in Naples under the patronage of the local nobility, because - as he explained to a friend - if he were to live in Spain he would soon lose his stature as a mystical master from far-away Naples. His paintings after 1632 express greater boldness in colour and depict more secular subjects, probably under influence of masters such as Titian and Rubens. | ||
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The Immaculate Conception (1635) Rubera painted the Immaculate Conception as part of a retablo of the family tomb of the former viceroy of Naples in Salamanca. The Count of Monterrey chose this subject because, on behalf of Philips IV, he had struggled for a long time to gain acceptance of the dogma of the immaculate conception and finally won his plea with Pope Gregorius XV. Mary is therefore not dressed in the traditional red cloak, but in a virginal white undergarment and a blue cloak. For Rubera this is an exceptionally light and colourful painting, probably also because his patron preferred classical Roman baroque paintings. |
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